# Copper: ore to plate

Part of [Mining and metals](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/theme/mining.md).
Everything that turns Copper ore into copper products, by the tier where each recipe is first available.
HTML page: https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/theme/metals/copper/

## Starts from

- [Copper ore](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-ore.md) *(ore)* — mined by: Burner mining drill (tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/burner-mining-drill.md); mined by: Electric mining drill (tier 1) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/electric-mining-drill.md); also: Big copper monolith via Copper mine (tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-mine.md)

## Tier 0: Automation science pack ([tier 0](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tier/0.md))

### New this tier

- [Copper (grade 1)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-1-copper.md) — byproduct of: 5 Copper ore → 1 Copper (grade 1) + 2 Copper (grade 2) (Copper (grade 2), tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-1-copper/#r-grade-2-copper)
- [Copper (grade 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-2-copper.md) — from: 5 Copper ore (Copper (grade 2), tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-2-copper/#r-grade-2-copper)
- [Copper cable](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-cable.md) — from: 1 Copper plate (Copper cable, tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-cable/#r-copper-cable)
- [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md) — from: 8 Copper ore (Copper plate, tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate/#r-copper-plate)

### Recipes

### Copper (grade 2) (`grade-1-copper-crush`)

- 3 s · tier 0
- Ingredients: 2 × [Copper (grade 1)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-1-copper.md)
- Results: 2 × [Stone](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/stone.md), 1 × [Copper (grade 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-2-copper.md)
- Made in: Jaw crusher MK 01, Jaw crusher MK 02, Jaw crusher MK 03, Jaw crusher MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 1](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk01.md)

### Copper (grade 2) (`grade-2-copper`)

- 3 s · tier 0
- Ingredients: 5 × [Copper ore](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-ore.md)
- Results: 1 × [Copper (grade 1)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-1-copper.md), 2 × [Copper (grade 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-2-copper.md)
- Made in: Automated screener MK 01, Automated screener MK 02, Automated screener MK 03, Automated screener MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 1](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk01.md)

### Copper cable (`copper-cable`)

- 0.5 s · tier 0 · productivity modules allowed
- Ingredients: 1 × [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md)
- Results: 2 × [Copper cable](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-cable.md)
- Made in: Burner assembling machine MK 01, Burner assembling machine MK 02, Burner assembling machine MK 03, Automated factory MK 01, Automated factory MK 02, Automated factory MK 03, Automated factory MK 04, Character, Character (flying), Mutagenic infusion,  (flying)
- Available from the start

### Copper plate (`copper-plate`)

- 10 s · tier 0 · productivity modules allowed
- Ingredients: 8 × [Copper ore](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-ore.md)
- Results: 1 × [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md)
- Made in: Advanced foundry MK 01, Advanced foundry MK 02, Advanced foundry MK 03, Advanced foundry MK 04, Thermal furnace, Gas furnace, Stone furnace
- Available from the start

### Copper plate (`copper-plate-4`)

- 2 s · tier 0
- Ingredients: 5 × [Copper (grade 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-2-copper.md)
- Results: 2 × [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md)
- Made in: Advanced foundry MK 01, Advanced foundry MK 02, Advanced foundry MK 03, Advanced foundry MK 04, Thermal furnace, Gas furnace, Stone furnace
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 1](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk01.md)

## Tier 2: Logistic science pack ([tier 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tier/2.md))

### New this tier

- [Copper (grade 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-3-copper.md) — from: 2 Copper (grade 2) (Copper (grade 3), tier 2) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-3-copper/#r-grade-3-copper)
- [Copper (grade 4)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-4-copper.md) — from: 2 Copper (grade 3) (Copper (grade 4), tier 2) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-4-copper/#r-grade-4-copper)
- [Copper rejects](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-rejects.md) — byproduct of: 2 Copper (grade 2) → 1 Copper (grade 3) + 1 Copper rejects (Copper (grade 3), tier 2) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-rejects/#r-grade-3-copper)
- [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md) — from: 3 Copper (grade 4) + 3 Borax + 60 Oxygen (Molten copper, tier 2) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper/#r-molten-copper-04)

### Recipes

### Copper (grade 3) (`copper-rejects-recrush`)

- 1 s · tier 2
- Ingredients: 1 × [Copper rejects](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-rejects.md)
- Results: 0.5 × [Copper (grade 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-3-copper.md) (50% chance), 1 × [Gravel](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/gravel.md)
- Made in: Impact crusher MK 01, Impact crusher MK 02, Impact crusher MK 03, Impact crusher MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk02.md)

### Copper (grade 3) (`grade-3-copper`)

- 2.5 s · tier 2
- Ingredients: 2 × [Copper (grade 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-2-copper.md)
- Results: 1 × [Copper (grade 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-3-copper.md), 1 × [Copper rejects](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-rejects.md)
- Made in: Automated screener MK 01, Automated screener MK 02, Automated screener MK 03, Automated screener MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk02.md)

### Copper (grade 4) (`grade-4-copper`)

- 2.5 s · tier 2
- Ingredients: 2 × [Copper (grade 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-3-copper.md)
- Results: 1 × [Copper (grade 4)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-4-copper.md), 2 × [Low grade copper rejects](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/low-grade-rejects.md)
- Made in: Automated screener MK 01, Automated screener MK 02, Automated screener MK 03, Automated screener MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk02.md)

### Copper plate (`copper-plate-1`)

- 4 s · tier 2
- Ingredients: 100 × [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md), 3 × [Borax](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/borax.md), 1 × [Sand casting](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/sand-casting.md)
- Results: 60 × [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md)
- Made in: Casting unit MK 01, Casting unit MK 01 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 02, Casting unit MK 02 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 03, Casting unit MK 03 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 04, Casting unit MK 04 (Legacy)
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk02.md)

### Copper plate (`hotair-copper-plate-1`)

- 4 s · tier 2
- Ingredients: 100 × [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md), 3 × [Borax](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/borax.md), 1 × [Sand casting](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/sand-casting.md), 50 × [Hot air](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/hot-air.md)
- Results: 75 × [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md)
- Made in: Casting unit MK 01, Casting unit MK 01 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 02, Casting unit MK 02 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 03, Casting unit MK 03 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 04, Casting unit MK 04 (Legacy)
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk02.md)

### Molten copper (`molten-copper-04`)

- 4 s · tier 2
- Ingredients: 3 × [Copper (grade 4)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-4-copper.md), 3 × [Borax](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/borax.md), 60 × [Oxygen](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/oxygen.md)
- Results: 21 × [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md)
- Made in: Basic oxygen furnace MK 01, Basic oxygen furnace MK 02, Basic oxygen furnace MK 03, Basic oxygen furnace MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk02.md)

## Tier 4: pY science pack 2 ([tier 4](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tier/4.md))

### New this tier

- [Copper coating](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-coating.md) — from: 10 Copper plate + 1 Cladded core + 100 Saline water (Copper coating, tier 4) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-coating/#r-copper-coating)

### Recipes

### Copper coating (`copper-coating`)

- 3 s · tier 4 · productivity modules allowed
- Ingredients: 10 × [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md), 1 × [Cladded core](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/cladded-core.md), 100 × [Saline water](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/water-saline.md)
- Results: 2 × [Copper coating](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-coating.md)
- Made in: Electrolyzer MK 01, Electrolyzer MK 02, Electrolyzer MK 03, Electrolyzer MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Fine electronics](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/fine-electronics.md)

## Tier 5: Chemical science pack ([tier 5](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tier/5.md))

### New this tier

- [Copper mine](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-mine.md) — from: 2 Automated factory MK 01 + 20 Electric mining drill + 50 Stainless steel + 50 Nexelit plate + 40 Aramid fiber + 50 Copper plate + 30 Complex circuit board + 5 Graphene roll + 20 Neuroprocessor + 1 Fluid mining drill MK 03 + 20 Self assembly monolayer material + 10 Cobalt chromium alloy + 1 Mechanical Parts 01 + 10 Mechanical Parts 02 (Copper mine, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-mine/#r-copper-mine)
- [Copper pregnant leach solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution.md) — from: 100 Copper pulp (stage 4) + 10 Copper solution + 10 Acid solvent (Copper pregnant leach solution, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution/#r-copper-pregnant-solution)
- [Copper pulp (stage 1)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-01.md) — from: 10 Copper solution + 10 Acid solvent + 10 Grease (Copper pulp (stage 1), tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-01/#r-copper-pulp-01)
- [Copper pulp (stage 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-02.md) — from: 100 Copper pulp (stage 1) + 10 Copper solution + 10 Acid solvent (Copper pulp (stage 2), tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-02/#r-copper-pulp-02)
- [Copper pulp (stage 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-03.md) — from: 100 Copper pulp (stage 2) + 10 Copper solution + 10 Acid solvent (Copper pulp (stage 3), tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-03/#r-copper-pulp-03)
- [Copper pulp (stage 4)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-04.md) — from: 100 Copper pulp (stage 3) + 10 Copper solution + 10 Acid solvent (Copper pulp (stage 4), tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-04/#r-copper-pulp-04)
- [Copper solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution.md) — from: 400 Water + 3 Copper (grade 4) + 6 Salt (Copper solution, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution/#r-copper-solution)
- [High grade copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/high-grade-copper.md) — from: 100 Copper pregnant leach solution (High grade copper, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/high-grade-copper/#r-high-grade-copper)

### Recipes

### Copper cable (`hotair-casting-copper-cable`)

- 4 s · tier 5 · productivity modules allowed
- Ingredients: 50 × [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md), 3 × [Borax](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/borax.md), 1 × [Advanced casting](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mold.md), 50 × [Hot air](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/hot-air.md)
- Results: 110 × [Copper cable](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-cable.md)
- Made in: Casting unit MK 01, Casting unit MK 01 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 02, Casting unit MK 02 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 03, Casting unit MK 03 (Legacy), Casting unit MK 04, Casting unit MK 04 (Legacy)
- Unlocked by: [Casting - Stage 2](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/casting-mk02.md)

### Copper mine (`copper-mine`)

- 2 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 2 × [Automated factory MK 01](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/automated-factory-mk01.md), 20 × [Electric mining drill](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/electric-mining-drill.md), 50 × [Stainless steel](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/stainless-steel.md), 50 × [Nexelit plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/nexelit-plate.md), 40 × [Aramid fiber](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/aramid.md), 50 × [Copper plate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-plate.md), 30 × [Complex circuit board](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/advanced-circuit.md), 5 × [Graphene roll](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/graphene-roll.md), 20 × [Neuroprocessor](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/neuroprocessor.md), 1 × [Fluid mining drill MK 03](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/fluid-drill-mk03.md), 20 × [Self assembly monolayer material](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/self-assembly-monolayer.md), 10 × [Cobalt chromium alloy](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/crco-alloy.md), 1 × [Mechanical Parts 01](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mechanical-parts-01.md), 10 × [Mechanical Parts 02](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mechanical-parts-02.md)
- Results: 1 × [Copper mine](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-mine.md)
- Made in: Burner assembling machine MK 01, Burner assembling machine MK 02, Burner assembling machine MK 03, Automated factory MK 01, Automated factory MK 02, Automated factory MK 03, Automated factory MK 04, Character, Character (flying), Mutagenic infusion,  (flying)
- Unlocked by: [Big Mines](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/big-mines.md)

### Copper pregnant leach solution (`copper-pregnant-solution`)

- 4 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 4)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-04.md), 10 × [Copper solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution.md), 10 × [Acid solvent](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/acid-solvent.md)
- Results: 50 × [Tailings](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/tailings.md), 20 × [Copper pregnant leach solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution.md)
- Made in: Flotation cell MK 01, Flotation cell MK 02, Flotation cell MK 03, Flotation cell MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

### Copper pulp (stage 1) (`copper-pulp-01`)

- 4 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 10 × [Copper solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution.md), 10 × [Acid solvent](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/acid-solvent.md), 10 × [Grease](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/grease.md)
- Results: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 1)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-01.md), 50 × [Tailings](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/tailings.md), 20 × [Copper pregnant leach solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution.md)
- Made in: Flotation cell MK 01, Flotation cell MK 02, Flotation cell MK 03, Flotation cell MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

### Copper pulp (stage 2) (`copper-pulp-02`)

- 4 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 1)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-01.md), 10 × [Copper solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution.md), 10 × [Acid solvent](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/acid-solvent.md)
- Results: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-02.md), 50 × [Tailings](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/tailings.md), 20 × [Copper pregnant leach solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution.md)
- Made in: Flotation cell MK 01, Flotation cell MK 02, Flotation cell MK 03, Flotation cell MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

### Copper pulp (stage 3) (`copper-pulp-03`)

- 4 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-02.md), 10 × [Copper solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution.md), 10 × [Acid solvent](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/acid-solvent.md)
- Results: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-03.md), 50 × [Tailings](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/tailings.md), 20 × [Copper pregnant leach solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution.md)
- Made in: Flotation cell MK 01, Flotation cell MK 02, Flotation cell MK 03, Flotation cell MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

### Copper pulp (stage 4) (`copper-pulp-04`)

- 4 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-03.md), 10 × [Copper solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution.md), 10 × [Acid solvent](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/acid-solvent.md)
- Results: 100 × [Copper pulp (stage 4)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pulp-04.md), 50 × [Tailings](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/tailings.md), 20 × [Copper pregnant leach solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution.md)
- Made in: Flotation cell MK 01, Flotation cell MK 02, Flotation cell MK 03, Flotation cell MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

### Copper solution (`copper-solution`)

- 4 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 400 × [Water](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/water.md), 3 × [Copper (grade 4)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/grade-4-copper.md), 6 × [Salt](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/salt.md)
- Results: 47 × [Copper solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-solution.md)
- Made in: Mixer MK 01, Mixer MK 02, Mixer MK 03, Mixer MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

### High grade copper (`high-grade-copper`)

- 3 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 100 × [Copper pregnant leach solution](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/copper-pregnant-solution.md)
- Results: 1 × [High grade copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/high-grade-copper.md), 100 × [Tailings](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/tailings.md)
- Made in: Agitator MK 01, Agitator MK 02, Agitator MK 03, Agitator MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

### Molten copper (`molten-copper-03`)

- 4 s · tier 5
- Ingredients: 1 × [High grade copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/high-grade-copper.md), 3 × [Borax](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/borax.md), 60 × [Oxygen](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/oxygen.md)
- Results: 50 × [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md)
- Made in: Basic oxygen furnace MK 01, Basic oxygen furnace MK 02, Basic oxygen furnace MK 03, Basic oxygen furnace MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 3](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk03.md)

## Tier 7: Production science pack ([tier 7](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tier/7.md))

### New this tier

- [Reduced 99.9% copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/reduced-copper.md) — from: 1 High grade copper + 2 Sodium sulfate + 50 Diesel + 100 Pressurized air (Reduced 99.9% copper, tier 7) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/reduced-copper/#r-reduction-copper)

### Recipes

### Molten copper (`molten-copper-01`)

- 4 s · tier 7
- Ingredients: 1 × [Reduced 99.9% copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/reduced-copper.md), 3 × [Borax](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/borax.md), 60 × [Oxygen](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/oxygen.md)
- Results: 60 × [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md)
- Made in: Basic oxygen furnace MK 01, Basic oxygen furnace MK 02, Basic oxygen furnace MK 03, Basic oxygen furnace MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 4](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk04.md)

### Reduced 99.9% copper (`reduction-copper`)

- 5 s · tier 7
- Ingredients: 1 × [High grade copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/high-grade-copper.md), 2 × [Sodium sulfate](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/sodium-sulfate.md), 50 × [Diesel](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/diesel.md), 100 × [Pressurized air](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/pressured-air.md)
- Results: 1 × [Reduced 99.9% copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/reduced-copper.md)
- Made in: Direct reduction plant
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 4](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk04.md)

## Tier 9: Utility science pack ([tier 9](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tier/9.md))

### New this tier

- [Sintered copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/sintered-copper.md) — from: 1 Reduced 99.9% copper + 3 Lime + 100 Syngas + 100 Pressurized air (Sintered copper, tier 9) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/sintered-copper/#r-sinter-copper-2)

### Recipes

### Molten copper (`molten-copper-02`)

- 5 s · tier 9
- Ingredients: 1 × [Sintered copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/sintered-copper.md), 3 × [Borax](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/borax.md), 60 × [Oxygen](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/oxygen.md)
- Results: 47 × [Molten copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/molten-copper.md)
- Made in: Basic oxygen furnace MK 01, Basic oxygen furnace MK 02, Basic oxygen furnace MK 03, Basic oxygen furnace MK 04
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 5](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk05.md)

### Sintered copper (`sinter-copper-2`)

- 4 s · tier 9
- Ingredients: 1 × [Reduced 99.9% copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/reduced-copper.md), 3 × [Lime](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/lime.md), 100 × [Syngas](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/syngas.md), 100 × [Pressurized air](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/pressured-air.md)
- Results: 2 × [Sintered copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/sintered-copper.md)
- Made in: Sinter plant
- Unlocked by: [Copper processing - Stage 5](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/tech/copper-mk05.md)

## Unlocked by upgrade choices, not research

### Recipes

### High grade copper (`simik-copper`)

- 80 s · tier ?
- Ingredients: 4 × [Geothermal Water barrel](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/geothermal-water-barrel.md), 50 × [Copper ore](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-ore.md), 1 × [Biosample](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/bio-sample.md), 30 × [Pressurized air](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/fluid/pressured-air.md)
- Results: 2 × [Copper solution barrel](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/copper-solution-barrel.md), 2 × [Hot air barrel](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/hot-air-barrel.md), 5 × [High grade copper](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/high-grade-copper.md)
- Made in: Simik den MK 01, Simik den MK 02, Simik den MK 03, Simik den MK 04
- Unlocked by an upgrade choice (script), not research

## Alloys and mixed-metal products using this metal

- [Arsenic](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/arsenic.md) *(alloy)* — from: 10 Iron ore + 10 Copper ore + 20 Rich clay + 10 Lead ore + 10 Antimony ore (Arsenic, tier 7) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/arsenic/#r-arsenic); combines: Antimony + Copper + Iron + Lead
- [CZTS Slab](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/czts-slab.md) *(alloy)* — from: 8 Copper plate + 10 Zinc plate + 3 Sulfur + 5 Tin plate (CZTS Slab, tier 7) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/czts-slab/#r-czts-slab); combines: Copper + Tin + Zinc
- [Capacitor core](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/capacitor-core.md) *(alloy)* — from: 1 Copper coating + 3 Ceramic + 1 Boron carbide + 30 Sodium hydroxide + 2 Nanocrystalline cellulose (Capacitor core, tier 6) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/capacitor-core/#r-capacitor-core); combines: Boron + Copper
- [Coil core](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/coil-core.md) *(alloy)* — from: 4 Ferrite + 40 Copper cable + 2 Nexelit plate (Coil core, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/coil-core/#r-coil-core); combines: Copper + Nexelit
- [Diamond Wire](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/diamond-wire.md) *(alloy)* — from: 5 Stainless steel + 5 Industrial diamond + 2 Copper plate + 3 Zinc plate + 4 Silicon carbide + 50 Vacuum (Diamond Wire, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/diamond-wire/#r-diamond-wire); combines: Copper + Zinc
- [Duralumin](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/duralumin.md) *(alloy)* — from: 4 Aluminium plate + 2 Copper plate (Duralumin, tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/duralumin/#r-duralumin-1); combines: Aluminium + Copper
- [Equipment chassis](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/equipment-chassi.md) *(alloy)* — from: 1 Iron nexelit antimony special alloy + 10 Tin plate + 1 Simple circuit board (Equipment chassis, tier 1) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/equipment-chassi/#r-equipment-chassi); combines: Aluminium + Copper + Tin
- [Mirror MK01](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mirror-mk01.md) *(alloy)* — from: 1 Zinc plate + 1 Nexelit plate + 3 Copper plate + 1 Crucible + 5 Aluminium plate (Mirror MK01, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mirror-mk01/#r-mirror-mk01); combines: Aluminium + Copper + Nexelit + Zinc
- [Mirror MK02](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mirror-mk02.md) *(alloy)* — from: 1 Crude Mirror + 1 Lead plate + 3 Copper plate + 50 Sulfuric acid (Mirror MK02, tier 7) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mirror-mk02/#r-mirror-mk02); combines: Copper + Lead
- [Mixed ores](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mixed-ores.md) *(alloy)* — from: 8 Copper ore + 8 Nickel ore + 4 Rare earth ore (Mixed ores, tier 2) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/mixed-ores/#r-mixed-ores); combines: Copper + Nickel + Rare earth
- [Nanocrystalline core](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/nanocrystaline-core.md) *(alloy)* — from: 5 Niobium plate + 10 Silicon + 5 Iron plate + 3 Boron + 5 Copper plate + 2 Gold plate (Nanocrystalline core, tier 7) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/nanocrystaline-core/#r-nanocrystaline-core); combines: Copper + Iron + Niobium
- [Printed circuit substrate (tier 2)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/pcb2.md) *(alloy)* — from: 5 Phenolic board + 25 Etching solution + 5 Copper plate + 10 Nylon parts + 5 Tin plate (Printed circuit substrate (tier 2), tier 4) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/pcb2/#r-pcb2); combines: Copper + Tin
- [Printed circuit substrate (tier 3)](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/pcb3.md) *(alloy)* — from: 5 Copper plate + 1 Fiberglass + 15 Nylon parts + 100 Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) + 5 Tin plate (Printed circuit substrate (tier 3), tier 6) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/pcb3/#r-pcb3); combines: Copper + Tin
- [Small parts](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/small-parts-01.md) *(alloy)* — from: 1 Iron gear wheel + 3 Copper cable + 3 Bolts (Small parts, tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/small-parts-01/#r-small-parts-01); combines: Boron + Copper + Iron
- [Tinned cable](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/tinned-cable.md) *(alloy)* — from: 2 Copper cable + 1 Tin plate (Tinned cable, tier 0) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/tinned-cable/#r-tinned-cable); combines: Boron + Copper + Tin
- [Tracker](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/axis-tracker.md) *(alloy)* — from: 50 Small parts + 10 Duralumin + 30 Copper cable + 25 Steel plate + 10 Titanium plate + 5 Rubber + 3 Plastic bar + 20 Iron nexelit antimony special alloy + 1 Mechanical Parts 02 (Tracker, tier 5) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/axis-tracker/#r-axis-tracker); combines: Copper + Titanium
- [Vitreloy](https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/vitreloy.md) *(alloy)* — from: 3 Titanium plate + 3 Copper plate + 3 Nickel plate + 3 Duralumin + 3 Antimony oxide (Vitreloy, tier 1) (https://factorio.kalzumeus.com/item/vitreloy/#r-vitreloy); combines: Copper + Nickel + Titanium